If the snake is content with it, it bites into the head and lifts the prey 2040 cm (815.5 in) from the ground. The newborn snakes in the video appear to be green vine snakes, though, not twig snakes. Heres what a black mambas venom does to your body: Once injected, the venom interferes with activity at a junction where nerves and muscles connect, resulting in paralysis, Ryan Blumenthal, of the University of Pretoria, reported in The Conversation. Of these 17, 10 had symptoms of systemic envenomation, though no victims died. The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is the world's longest venomous snake, measuring up to 18 feet (5.4 m), according to the Natural History Museum (opens in new tab) in London. He concluded that the differences in build, scalation, colouration and behaviour warranted splitting them into separate species. Its range extends from Kenya south through Tanzania, Malawi, eastern Zimbabwe and parts of Zambia; it can also be found in Zanzibar and northern Mozambique. This species rarely exceeds lengths of 2.5 metres (8ft 2in). "Clinical Effects and Antivenom Dosing in Brown Snake (Pseudonaja spp.) If bit, get treatment. Cobras are shythey'll threaten when provoked, but would prefer to back away. Allen, George E., et al. Its five subspecies have varied habitats ranging from forests to wetlands, but it also lives in areas of denser human habitation, including suburban developments, which elevates peoples risk of being bit though copperhead bites are rarely fatal to humans. They move fast when threatened, coiling into an s-shape and emitting a loud hiss before striking. If the snake has a rattle on its tail, it is a venomous rattlesnake! Thankfully, they'll all miss. Elizabeth MacLennan is a fact checker and expert on climate change. Snakes bite about 5.4 million people every year, resulting in between 81,000 and 138,000 deaths, according to the World Health Organization. Eight people face a variety of charges for their involvement in the trafficking of venomous and prohibited snakes. They're docile and shy during the day, but at night will attack if provoked. As well as wild forest habitats, it is also commonly found in thickets and farm trees such as citrus, mango, coconut, and cashew. [10][11] The British biologist Arthur Loveridge augmented FitzSimons' work with material from outside South Africa, noting some overlap in scalation but supporting the separation. Death from a boomslang bite can be gruesome. The snake's venom can paralyze muscles and prevent the diaphragm from moving, according to a 2016 study published in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (opens in new tab). PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 427., doi:10.3390/toxins13060427, Ratnayake, Indira, et al. This evidence does not preclude active foraging, however; a specimen was also observed systematically hunting a sleeping bat. ( Harding, 1997) Other Physical Features heterothermic Sexual Dimorphism female larger sexes shaped differently Range length 30 to 66 cm 11.81 to 25.98 in Reproduction Smooth green snakes mate in the spring and late summer. tontantravel/ Wikimedia Commons/ CC BY-SA 2.0. They inhabit eastern Australia, from the desert to the coast, and prefer open grasslands, pastures, and woodland. Also known as a water moccasin, its a semi-aquatic pit viper found in the southeastern U.S. However, they can bite you if they feel irritated by you or threatened by you. Law enforcement slammed the suspects with more than 60 charges between them, including the sale of venomous reptiles to an The greatest risk to humans comes when fishermen inadvertently catch them in their nets, prompting an aggressive response. The boomslang, which can be found throughout Africa but lives primarily in Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe, is one of the most venomous of the so-called rear-fanged snakes, according to the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. And if that didn't scare you off, consider this: A female can give birth to 90 fierce offspring, according to the University of Costa Rica (opens in new tab). New York, International Union for Conservation of Nature, South African Institute for Medical Research, https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T13265770A13265778.en, "Fourth account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum", "The green and black mambas of East Africa", "A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus", "The medical threat of mamba envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa revealed by genus-wide analysis of venom composition, toxicity and antivenomics profiling of available antivenoms", "Hood-spreading by the mambas of the African genus, "AnAge entry for Dendroaspis angusticeps", "Biology and treatment of the mamba snakebite", 10.1580/1080-6032(1996)007[0133:BATOTM]2.3.CO;2, "Snakebite and the use of antivenom in southern Africa", "Snake bite in southern Africa: diagnosis and management", "Toxicovenomics and antivenom profiling of the Eastern green mamba snake ( Dendroaspis angusticeps )", "Calcicludine, a venom peptide of the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor family, is a potent blocker of high-threshold Ca2+ channels with a high affinity for L-type channels in cerebellar granule neurons", "Snake Bite: A review of Current Literature", https://accesspd.co.za/species/GreenMamba, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_green_mamba&oldid=1135971096, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 January 2023, at 00:15. The snake had been sent to Schmidt at The Field Museum in Chicago for identification. Large concentrations of two to three individuals per hectare have been documented in coastal Kenya and southern Tanzania, and in one instance a group of five were seen in a single tree. "Coral Snake Bite Treatment." Many venomous snakes are now critically endangered or threatened in the United States. Craspedocephalus gramineus, known as the bamboo pit viper, Indian green pit viper, or common green pit viper, [3] is a venomous pit viper species found in the southern and north eastern parts of India. 10, no. [22][24] They generally avoid contact with people and other predators, attacking them only if they feel threatened. 10 Creatures That Deliver the Most Painful Stings and Bites, 20 Animals With Completely Ridiculous Names, Photos Highlight the Powerful Images Found in Nature, 18 Magnificent Types of Hawks and Where to Find Them, 9 Gorgeous Snake Species Around the World, 25 of the Most Dangerous Animals in the World, 12 Elusively Blue Animals: The Rarest Critters of All, The Snake with the Scorpion's Sting: Novel Three-Finger Toxin Sodium Channel Activators From the Venom of the Long-Glanded Blue Coral Snake (, Life Threatening Intracerebral Haemorrhage Following Saw-Scaled Viper (, Biogeographic Venom Variation in Russell's Viper (, Old World Vipers - a Review About Snake Venom Proteomics of Viperinae and Their Variations, Early Identification of Acute Kidney Injury in Russell's Viper (, Neuromuscular Effects of Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) Envenoming in Sri Lanka, Muscle Tissue Damage Induced by the Venom of Bothrops asper: Identification of Early and Late Pathological Events through Proteomic Analysis, Mistaken Identity May Explain Why Male Sea Snakes (. A close-up of a saw-scaled viper, one of the world's deadliest snakes. Without treatment, the wound will continue to bleed unchecked, while the body suffers from internal hemorrhaging. Either way, youll want to keep your eyes peeled for the following customers. A main ingredient of this venom, which sets it apart from other species, is the hyaluronidase enzyme. "Snakebite Envenoming." After a strike, it coils around its victim. Trimeresurus (Craspedocephalus) gramineus. $34.95. Humans need to be cautious of only 15 percent of Texas snakes, according to TPWD. It is also believed to eat arboreal lizards. It is sometimes called grass snake or green grass snake. An easy way to tell the 8, no. In India, the Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is the species 303., doi:10.3390/toxins8100303, Fonseka, Chathuranga Lakmal, et al. [15][16] An isolated and genetically distinct population is found in South Africa from the extreme northeastern part of Eastern Cape along the KwaZulu-Natal coastline and into southern Mozambique. Boomslang snake venom causes victims to bleed internally. The eastern diamondback (Crotalus adamanteus) is one of 32 species of rattlesnake, and the most venomous in North America. If they attack, they will strike quicklyand sometimes repeatedly. e0004599., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004599. There is a narrow yellowish-white stripe along each side of the belly and tail. $34.95. Webo Pupil Shape (snakes pupils dilate just like humans and look round). However, it will strike humans in self-defense. These nocturnal rodent-eaters bask in the sun during the day but often hide in rice paddies and croplands, posing a danger to farmers. The snake is not confrontational, but will aggressively defend itself when threatened by raising its head, opening its mouth, and issuing a warning hiss before striking repeatedly in rapid succession. Eyelash palm pit viper. If the female is receptive to mating, she lifts her tail; cloacal juxtaposition follows. Which Snakes Live in Louisiana? WebSmooth green snakes are harmless snakes, they are not venomous. The male courts the female by aligning his body along the female's while rapidly tongue-flicking. The eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius) is the most venomous coral snake in the United States, though it might not seem so at first because its bite doesnt cause much pain or swelling. Senji, et al. WebThe only dangerously venomous native lizard found in California is the Gila Monster, which is extremeley rare and has only been found in a few locations in the eastern Mojave If more than one yard is purchased, item will come in one piece. They live tucked away in the clay crevices of Queensland and South Australia's floodplains, often within the pre-dug burrows of other animals. The bites of a blue Mayalan coral snake, banded krait, king cobra, and eastern brown snaketo name only a fewcan cause paralysis in victims. Heres how it works. Larger cobras may latch on and dig in, releasing maximum venom! "Facts and Evidence on Adder Bites." (Image credit: Pierre von Rahmel via Getty Images). Los Angeles Zoo. Then it is rapidly swallowed. When threatened, the snake will inflate its neck to twice its size and expose a brightly colored flap of skin between its scales, according to the South African National Biodiversity Institute. While its venom is powerful, the cottonmouth isnt especially aggressive. It hides out under loose sand, leaves, or low shrubs, lying it wait to ambush prey. It has a grey to reddish-brown body with darker crossbands, and long fangs. The death adder lures prey by coiling, bringing the tip of its tail near the head and wriggling it like a worm to attract frogs, lizards, birds, and small mammals. B, 2015, pp. Dendroaspis angusticeps. [3], It is found in Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.[4]. PLOS ONE, vol. "Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake." The tongue is long and green; when in use it is kept outside the mouth and moved up and down. One of the six venomous snakes in Georgia, the Eastern Coral Snake, is commonly mistaken for the non-venomous Scarlet Kingsnake. (Image credit: Alex Hibbert via Getty Images). Four of the six venomous snakes, Green and Atlantic Hawksbill. 3, 2021, pp. 2, 2016, pp. WebFurthermore, venomous snakes tend to have triangular or spade-shaped heads. Wagner, P., Branch, W.R., Safari, I. [18] A 27-day study of the movement patterns of two adults found their activity area to be relatively small, comparable to other predators who ambush prey rather than hunt (in contrast to most elapid species, including other mambas, who tend to hunt and forage). Its defensive posture is a looping figure-8, and it strikes with great power and speed. Black mambas are Africa's deadliest snakes. Described by Scottish surgeon and zoologist Andrew Smith in 1849, it has a slender build with a bright green back and green-yellow ventral scales. This snake hides in leaf litter in lowland forests of Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, and western Indonesia, preying on other snakes as well as lizards, birds, and frogs. They inhabit in open forests and woodlands. By the time he got to the hospital, within 20 minutes, he was already in cardiac arrest. Its one of the most deadly vipers in the world, with the majority of its victims dying from kidney failure. The bushmaster snake is a reddish-brown or pinkish-grey animal that is the longest venomous snake in the Americas. On average, individuals move only about 5.4 metres (18ft) per day. 500,000+ HD Backgrounds & Venom Background 100% Free to Use High Quality Backgrounds Personalise for all Screen & Devices. They're slender, with a variable color ranging from tan to gray or dark brown. Snakebites continue to be a huge problem in India causing nearly 60,000 deaths annually. The eastern green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps) is a highly venomous snake species of the mamba genus Dendroaspis native to the coastal regions of southern East Africa. In the event of a cobra bite, seek medical attention immediatelythe common cobra is responsible for a large number of human deaths across India. wikiHow is a wiki, similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. The newborn snakes in the video appear to be green vine snakes, though, not twig snakes. Be careful around all snakesbut non venomous snake bites aren't painful; they feel like a pinprick. The tiger snake (Notechis scutatus), named for its tiger-like stripes, inhabits creeks, rivers, and wetlands across southern Australia and nearby islands. The taipans venom is a cocktail of toxins that can cause paralysis, internal bleeding, and death. 13 no. Adult males average around 1.8 metres (5ft 11in) in total length, while females average 2.0 metres (6ft 7in). Vine snakes must be kept in large terrariums with a height of at least 2m (79in) and a surface of 616 square meters (65172 square feet). Primary Menu Sections Skip to search results Thought to be relatively sedentary, it can remain in the same location for days, apparently moving most commonly to find food or mates. The bushmaster (Lachesis Muta) inhabits northwestern South American forests, including parts of Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, and is the largest venomous snake in the western hemisphere. National Capital Poison Center. Its habitat is found in prairies, woodlands, and rocky hillsides. The behavior towards humans is neutral and the snake usually goes to the other end of the terrarium. (Image credit: kristianbell via Getty Images). King cobras are the longest venomous snakes in the world. The black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) inhabits vast areas of savannah, hill country, and forests in southern and eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. It grows between 30 and 42 inches. In India, the Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is the species responsible for the majority of deadly snake bitestens of thousands each year. Its eyes have three preocular and 35 postocular scales. e0009247., doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009247, Damm, Maik, et al. They range in length from about 3 feet (0.9m) to about 6 feet (1.8m) in length, and have a broad head. As they age, their growth rates decrease but never completely stop. Juveniles are blue-green, becoming bright green when they are around 75 centimetres (2ft 6in) long. Green bushsnakes of the genus Philothamnus[17] are also commonly confused with smaller Eastern green mambas. The inside of the mouth may be white or bluish-white.[16]. [33] Systemic effects include dizziness and nausea, difficulty breathing and swallowing, irregular heartbeat, and convulsions. 9-10 upper labials, 4th, 5th, and 6th (or 5th, 6th, and 7th) entering the eye. "South American Bushmaster." Originally published on Live Science Aug. 31, 2021, and republished July 28, 2022. -1 Likes, 5 Comments - Wildkarnataka (@wildkarnataka) on Instagram: Green Vine Snake The Green vine snake is a mildly venomous arboreal colubrid snake native to When a mouse, lizard or nest is found, the snake follows the prey a short distance and smells it carefully. The vast majority of these snakes are non-venomous. (Image credit: iStock / Getty Images Plus). [25] Another captive specimen lived 14 years. Northern India cobras are usually dark brown or black. Last Updated: January 14, 2023 However, the venom contains a powerful neurotoxin that affects a persons speech and vision. $29.71. [12] A 2016 genetic analysis showed the eastern green and black mambas are each others' closest relatives,[13] their common ancestor diverging from a lineage that gave rise to Jameson's mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni) and the western green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis), as shown in the cladogram below. This coloration allows them to posses great camouflage in green vegetation. They average around 8 feet (2.5 meters) in length, and can move at 12 mph (19 km/h). The patient pit viper is known to stake out prey for days or even weeks at a time, but upon finding its intended target, the snake strikes quickly, releasing a large amount of venom in just one bite. 7, 2019, pp. This aggressive snake has frighteningly long fixed fangs that release a neurotoxin to paralyze prey and inhibit breathing. [33], In 2015, the proteome (complete protein profile) of eastern green mamba venom was assessed and published, revealing 42 distinct proteins and the nucleoside adenosine. Its claim to fame is not so much the potency of its venom, but rather the amount injected into victims: Each bite delivers about 7 milliliters (about 0.24 fluid ounces) of venom, and the snake tends to attack with three or four bites in quick succession, the Fresno Zoo reported (opens in new tab). WebDownload this Premium Photo about Yellow and green viper snake on branch, venomous pit viper in the family viperidae, animal closeup, and discover more than 23 Million Professional Stock Photos on Freepik. [35] Individually, most of these components do not exhibit potent toxicity in vitro,[34] but are thought to have a synergistic effect in nature. It grows up to 116 cm in total length and is very thin. Blood will also start passing through the body via the victim's stools, urine, saliva, and vomit until they die." Considered the worlds most venomous snake, Australias rare and reclusive inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) mounts rigorous self-defense when provoked, striking with one or more bites. [16][17][18] The adult eastern green mamba has bright green upperpartsoccasionally with isolated yellow scalesand a pale yellow-green belly. The taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) is a large, highly venomous snake found in Australia. For tips on identifying poisonous snakes in the UK, India, and Australia, read on! Their belly is lighter, and has darker orange spots. The lengthy snakes are born with two to three drops of venom in each fang, so they are lethal biters right from the get-go. Its venom is a potent neurotoxin that leads to hemorrhaging, paralysis, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest. "Danger in the Reef: Proteome, Toxicity, and Neutralization of the Venom of the Olive Sea Snake, Aipysurus laevis." The death adder (Acanthophis antarcticus) inhabits a variety of ecosystems across large swathes of Australia, including rainforests, woodlands, and grasslands. WebRough green snake or grass green snake is a non-venomous snake found in the Southeastern United States. Though surfacing every 30 minutes to two hours to breathe, this sea snake spends its entire life in water, hunting at night. [6] The German-British zoologist Albert Gnther described Dendroaspis intermedius from the Zambezi River in northern Mozambique in 1865. Due to the neurotoxic nature of green mamba venom, an arterial tourniquet may be beneficial. This stops air from entering the lungs, effectively resulting in suffocation. Africa is loaded to the gills with dangerous animals that strike fear in the hearts of many humans whenever they Captive life spans are estimated at 915 years. Coastal taipans are incredibly fast and can jump into the air fangs-first to attack. Adders are not particularly aggressive unless disturbed. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Fer de lance. Toxins, vol. Fer-de-lances are pit vipers from Central and South America. 100% satisfaction guarantee. [24], The eastern green mamba has the least toxic venom of the three green mamba species, but it is still highly venomous. Described by Scottish surgeon and zoologist Andrew Smith in 1849, it has a slender build with a bright green back and green-yellow ventral scales. The venom of a green vine snake might cause swelling, pain, and bruising, but the effects subside on their own in a few days. [4] The specific name angusticeps is derived from the Latin word angustus, "narrow",[5] and ceps, an abbreviated form of caput ("head") when used in a compound word. Lynch, Tim P., et al. It lives in the black soil plains where Queensland, South Australia, and the Northern Territory borders meet. The copperhead climbs bushes or trees to stalk rodents, small birds, lizards, and frogs. 10, no. The reclusive boomslang (Dispholidus typus) is native to central and southern Africa and generally blends with the browns and greens of trees and shrubs. WebThere are literally hundreds of species of green coloured snakes, the vast majority are non-venomous and totally harmless to people, but there are some highly toxic species, like the tree dwelling pit vipers that blend into the leaves making them invisible, you could walk inches past a green mamba without knowing a thing, a green mamba bite can Snakes bite 5.4 million people each year -- and roughly half are injected with venom, according to the WHO. The saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is the smallest member of the "Big Four" in India along with Russell's viper, the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and the Indian cobra (Naja naja) thought to be responsible for the most bites and related deaths in the country. For tips on identifying poisonous snakes in the UK, India, and Australia, read on! Hydration and antivenom (there are nine types of antivenom for this snake) should be administered within hours of the bite for a person to survive, Understanding Animal Research said. The adder is common throughout the UK, mostly in the southern regions. Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. Our Venom Snake Skin Spandex Fabric has an iridescent lame snake print on stretch velvet fabric. The green vine snake stays high on trees and looks down to the ground. Its scales are hexagonal in shape, and the subcaudal scales (those beneath the tail) are undivided. Luckily, there is antivenom for the boomslang if a victim can get it in time. WebKilling a snake is not only unnecessary but also could be illegal. It can be found living in forests along the Amazon River basin up to Costa Rica, and can grow to be up to 10 feet (3 meters) long. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Other green snakes are often called "green mambas" in Southern Africa, including green forms of the boomslang (Dispholidus typus), which can be distinguished by their larger eyes and shorter heads. Common Names: Rough green snake, smooth green snake, grass snake, green whip snake, garden snake, vine snake, keeled green snake. [16][17] Hatchlings tend to grow to 50 to 80cm (20 to 31in) in their first year. 13, no. Just don't get too closeits venom gland extends through one-quarter of its body and produces a neurotoxin that triggers a paralysis in which the victims muscles tighten in uncontrollable spasms. Native to the mountains and grasslands of southeast Australia, the eastern tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) is named for the yellow and black bands on its body, though not all populations sport that pattern, according to the Australian Museum. (Image credit: Jack Reynolds via Getty Imasges), 30 of the world's most valuable treasures that are still missing, In rare case, mother delivers two sets of identical twins, back to back, Rare black hole 1 billion times the mass of the sun could upend our understanding of galaxy formation, 'Brain-eating' amoeba case in Florida potentially tied to unfiltered water in sinus rinse, Largest asteroid ever to hit Earth was twice as big as the rock that killed off the dinosaurs, Painful 'cross-shaped incision' in medieval woman's skull didn't kill her, but second surgery did, Human brain looks years 'older' after just one night without sleep, small study shows. [37] A polyvalent antivenom produced by the South African Institute for Medical Research is used to treat eastern green mamba bites.[33]. Its eyes have vertical pupils, and it's tongue is purplish black. It hunts by reaching its body outward from a tree, disguising itself as a branch until its ready to strike. The exception is the black mamba, whose venom lacks the potent alpha-neurotoxin as well. It's darker in the winter than it is in the summer. They can exceed 6 feet (2m) in length, and are very fastespecially on hot days. References. Its venom consists of both neurotoxins and cardiotoxins. The snake's venom can lead to an awful smorgasbord of symptoms: acute kidney failure, severe bleeding and multi-organ damage, researchers reported in the [23] Unlike its close relative the black mamba, the eastern green mamba is rarely found in open terrain and prefers relatively dense, well-shaded vegetation. branch, in El Crucero, Managua, Nicaragua. When threatened, a king cobra will use special ribs and muscles in its neck to flare out its "hood" or the skin around its head; these snakes can also lift their heads off the ground about a third of their body length, according to the San Diego Zoo (opens in new tab). Unlike that of many snake species, the venom of mambas has little phospholipase A2. While painful and requiring prompt medical attention, adder bites are generally not fatal. Russel's viper is venomous enough that you should seek treatment immediately. Male combat can last for several hours, but is less aggressive than that commonly seen in the black mamba; combatants do not bite each other. "Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake." Keep your eyes open, always survey the area you are working in, and make a lot of noise. Gravid females tend to be sedentary, but males actively seek and court prospective mates during the rainy season between April and June. It can strike up to two-thirds of its body length, injecting a hemotoxin that kills red blood cells and damages tissue. They can spread a hood behind their head, which gives them their famous, very scary appearance. tPA, tissue plasminogen activator. Elizabeth MacLennan is a looping figure-8, and can move at 12 mph ( 19 )! Every 30 minutes to two hours to breathe, this Sea snake its! 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[ 22 ] [ 17 ] are also commonly confused with smaller eastern mambas... 31, 2021, and it strikes with great power and speed cautious of only percent... Emitting a loud hiss before striking bushsnakes of the Olive Sea snake, Aipysurus laevis ''! Grasslands, pastures, and long fangs tree, disguising itself as a branch its! Hill country, and rocky hillsides allows them to posses great camouflage green. Iridescent lame snake print on stretch velvet Fabric Field Museum in Chicago for identification Screen & Devices about! Figure-8, and can move at 12 mph ( 19 km/h ) posses great camouflage in green vegetation 's is... Vine snakes, they can bite you if they feel threatened endangered threatened. Loose sand, leaves, or low shrubs, lying it wait to ambush prey hexagonal! That leads to hemorrhaging, paralysis, internal bleeding, and vomit until they.. Those beneath the tail ) are undivided white or bluish-white. [ 16 ] six snakes. 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